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Foreshortening - 14262_150
Arms - 14262_152

Illustrator Draftsman 3 & 2 - Volume 3 Executionable Practices
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Figure  Elements Introduction For simplicity in constructing the human figure, divide the figure into five elements.    Approach each element as a task and reduce each task to basic forms.  The  five  elements  in  figure  construction  are  the  torso,  the  arms,  the legs, the hands and feet, and the head. Torso The torso, or upper body, is easily rendered as a modification of two cylinders or an inverted and truncated (cut off at the apex) cone. Two inverted cones may portray some body shapes better. Running along the center of the back, connecting the head to the neck and the neck to portions of the torso, is a flexible column that allows the torso to twist and bend. Figure 3-40 shows cylinder and cone construction of torsos. Figure  3-40.—Constructing  a  torso  from  cylinders and  cones Continued  on  next  page 3-36







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