Cameras, ContinuedCameraCameras consist of seven basic components on three parallel planes.componentsMisadjustment of any component part of a process camera affects thereproduced image in size, clarity, or density. The three parallel planes of acopy camera are the copy plane, the lens plane, and the focal plane. Consultthe manufacturer’s operating instructions for precise operator adjustments.COPY PLANE: The copy plane is a glass copyboard that holds the originalcopy in place. The most common size is 18 by 24 inches with griddedreference lines to help align the original copy. Vacuum pressure createssuction to flatten the copy during a shoot. The copy plane may move on atrack for proportional reductions or enlargements.LENS PLANE: The lens plane holds the lens in position. Some lens planeshave interchangeable lenses. The lens plane moves along a track forproportional reductions or enlargements.FILM or FOCAL PLANE: The film plane holds the film in place in the backof the camera. The film plane may also have a filter attachment for halftoneor color separation work. Without film, the ground glass of the focal planeallows for fine focusing an image.SCALES: Most cameras reduce to 50 percent and enlarge to 300 percent ora range in between.FOCUSING CONTROL: Handwheels or cranks rotate to focus an image.Newer machines have automated push-button focusing.BELLOWS: Bellows are the accordion folded segment between the lens andthe film plane. Bellows maintain lighttight integrity during enlargements andreductions.EXPOSURE CONTROL: Once the copy plane, lens plane, and focal planeare positioned correctly, the camera scales recommend settings for the f/stopsand/or the shutter speed. Some cameras are set manually and other camerasare automated. Automated cameras are aperture priority cameras where theoperator sets the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture opening.Shutter priority is when the operator sets the shutter speed and the cameraselects the aperture. Little figuring is done by the operator in either case.Continued on next page4-33
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