Figure ElementsIntroductionFor simplicity in constructing the human figure, divide the figure into fiveelements. Approach each element as a task and reduce each task to basicforms. The five elements in figure construction are the torso, the arms, thelegs, the hands and feet, and the head.TorsoThe torso, or upper body, is easily rendered as a modification of twocylinders or an inverted and truncated (cut off at the apex) cone.Twoinverted cones may portray some body shapes better. Running along thecenter of the back, connecting the head to the neck and the neck to portionsof the torso, is a flexible column that allows the torso to twist and bend.Figure 3-40 shows cylinder and cone construction of torsos.Figure 3-40.—Constructing a torso from cylindersand conesContinued on next page3-36
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